ABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: La Región de los Ríos tiene uno de los pocos centros de trasplante del país. Es necesario conocer la postura de su población respecto a la donación de órganos, ya que la tasa de donantes ha bajado considerablemente. OBJETIVO: Conocer los principales motivos de negativa ante la donación de órganos, en población de la Región de los Ríos durante marzo-mayo 2012.MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo de corte trasversal. Se aplicaron 264 encuestas a residentes de la Región de los Ríos con edades entre 18 y 65 años, sin limitaciones para responder el instrumento. Se abordaron antecedentes demográficos de los encuestados (comuna, edad, género, nivel educacional); nivel de conocimiento del sistema de donación de órganos, opinión de la familia y situación actual de registro del donante. El tamaño de muestra fue determinada a través del programa Epi info 3,2TM,con un intervalo de confianza de 95 por ciento y un error de 6 por ciento. A través del programa IBM SPSS Statistics 20, se determinó significancia estadística mediante test de x2 (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: La disposición regional a ser donantes en caso de fallecimiento es de 75 por ciento; un 33 por ciento afirma no estar dispuesto a donar para que luchen más por su vida en caso de accidente y un 31 por ciento no estaría dispuesto a donar por motivos religiosos. DISCUSIÓN: Si bien las cifras apuntan a una disposición positiva a la donación, es necesario informar en forma adecuada a la población acerca del funcionamiento del programa de trasplante, para así disminuir la negativa ante la donación de órganos.
INTRODUCTION: Region de los Ríos has one of the few transplant centers in the country; considering the decreased number of organ donors in recent years, it is necessary to understand the attitude of the population towards organ donation. OBJECTIVE: To understand the main reasons for organ donation refusals in Región de los Ríos population in March-May 2012 period. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Cross-sectional study. There were filled 264 survey forms by Región de los Ríos residents between 18 and 65 years of old, excluding people who could not answer the survey. Demographic parameters (municipality, age, gender, educational level), level of knowledge about organ donation process, familys opinion, rate of consent to donate their own organs and those of relatives where analyzed. Sample size was determined using Epi Info 3.2TM software, using a confidence interval of 95 percent and an error of 6 percent. Statistical significance was determined via a x2 statistical test (p<0.05). The test was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software. RESULTS: The average consent to become a donor in case of death in Región de los Ríos is 75 percent 33 percent of them, said they do not consent organ donation so that doctors would strive more for their lives in case of an accident and 31percent did not agree to organ donation because of religious beliefs. DISCUSSION: Although numbers indicate a positive attitude towards donation, it is necessary to increase populations knowledge and understanding in transplant matters in order to reduce organ donation refusal.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Tissue Donors/psychology , Motivation , Refusal to Participate/psychology , Attitude to Death , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Educational Status , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Organ Transplantation/psychologyABSTRACT
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo a) comprender las creencias de los profesionales de salud mental que trabajan en la clínica de las adicciones y la efectividad. Pues dichas creencias condicionan la forma de entender las distintas disciplinas y las formas de practicarlas y orientar y guiar las intervenciones en la clínica de las adicciones; b) Por otro lado se pretende evaluar la efectividad (entendida como adherencia - abandono al tratamiento) de los pacientes que concurren a los Centros Preventivos Asistenciales en Adicciones (CPAA) Públicos de la provincia de Mendoza, y la correlación entre el abandono y las variables socio-demográficas de los pacientes y las variables terapéuticas. Es un estudio de tipo Multicéntrico Cuali-cuantitativo longitudinal de carácter descriptivo y relacional: a) con recolección de datos durante nueve meses (octubre a junio de 2011) de todos los pacientes (a través de historia clínica) que ingresan o se encuentran en tratamiento en los 8 (ocho) CPAA de: Godoy Cruz, Las Heras, Zona Este, Capital, Luján de Cuyo, San Rafael, Malargue y Gral. Alvear; b) Por otro lado, Se aplicaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas a 10 (diez) profesionales de salud mental. Se eligió trabajar la metodología cualitativa debido a la necesidad de detectar cualidades, es decir, descripción, relaciones y desarrollo de características en función de las creencias sobre el abordaje de las adicciones. Lo cualitativo se abordó utilizando como instrumento la entrevista emi-estructurada. La misma se aplicó a diez (10) Profesionales de Salud Mental con experiencia profesional en la clínica de las adicciones, y que en ese momento se encontraron desarrollando su labor profesional como Jefatura, coordinador de CPAA o supervisor de equipos en la clínica de las adicciones.
ABSTRACT: The present paper has the following objectives: a) to understand believes of the mental health´s professionals who work at the clinic of addictions and the efficiency. This believes determinate the way of understanding the different disciplines and the ways of practicing, orientating and guiding the interventions in the clinic of addictions. b) In the other site, it is pretended to evaluate the effectiveness (understood like adherence-bandon to the treatment) from the patients that concur to Mendoza´s public Preventive Welfare Centers in Addictions (PWCA), and the correlation between the abandon and the socio-demographic variables of the patient and the therapeutic variables. This is a Multicentral Qualitative quantitative longitudinal study with a descriptive and relational nature: a) with data collection during nine months (from October to June of 2011) of every patient (across the clinical history) that join or are in treatment in the 8 (eight) PWCA of: Godoy Cruz, Las Heras, Zona Este, Capital, Luján de Cuyo, San Rafael, Malargüe and General Alvear. b) On the other hand, semi-structured interviews were applied to 10 (ten) mental health´s professionals. It was chosen to work with a qualitative methodology due to the need of detecting qualities, that is to say, description, relations and evelopment of characteristics in function of believes on the addictions boarding. The qualitative part was boarded using as instrument the semi-structured interviews. These interviews were applied to 10 (ten) professionals of mental health with experience in the clinic of addictions, who at that moment were developing their professional labor as leadership, PWCAs coordinator or team´s supervisors in the clinic of addictions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Delivery of Health Care , Health Centers , Refusal to Participate/psychology , Patient Participation/psychology , Substance Abuse Treatment Centers , Substance-Related Disorders/therapyABSTRACT
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The success of vaccination campaigns depends on the degree of adherence to immunization initiatives and schedules. Risk factors associated with children's failure to receive the measles vaccine at the correct age were studied in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Case-control and exploratory study, in the metropolitan area of São Paulo. METHODS: The caregivers of 122 children were interviewed regarding their perceptions and understanding about the measles vaccination and the disease. RESULTS: The results showed that age, region of residence, marital status and education level were unrelated to taking measles vaccines adequately. Most individuals remembered being informed about the last annual vaccination campaign by television, but no communication channel was significantly associated with vaccination status. The answers to questions about knowledge of the disease or the vaccine, when analyzed alone, were not associated with taking measles vaccinations at the time indicated by health agencies. The results showed that, when parents felt sorry for their children who were going to receive shots, they delayed the vaccination. Most of the children did not take the measles vaccination on the exactly recommended date, but delayed or anticipated the shots. CONCLUSION: It is clear that there is no compliance with the government's recommended measles vaccination schedule (i.e. first dose at nine and second at 15 months of age, as recommended in 1999 and 2000). Feeling sorry for the children receiving shots can delay vaccination taking.
CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: O sucesso das campanhas de vacinação depende da adesão às iniciativas e ao calendário de imunização. Fatores de risco associados com não tomar a vacina contra o sarampo na idade recomendada foram estudados na cidade de São Paulo. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo caso-controle e exploratório, realizado na área metropolitana de São Paulo. MÉTODO: Cuidadores de 122 crianças foram entrevistados sobre sua percepção e compreensão sobre a vacina contra o sarampo e sobre a doença. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que idade, região de residência, status marital ou nível educacional não se relacionaram com a tomada adequada das vacinas contra o sarampo. A maioria dos indivíduos lembrou-se de ter sido informada sobre a última campanha nacional de vacinação na televisão, mas nenhum canal de comunicação se associou significativamente com o status vacinal. As respostas às questões sobre conhecimentos a respeito da doença e da vacina, quando analisadas em separado, não se associaram à tomada das vacinas nas datas indicadas pelas instituições de saúde. Os resultados mostraram que quando os pais sentiam dó ao verem os filhos tomando as injeções, eles atrasavam a vacinação por pelo menos 20 dias. A maioria das crianças não toma a vacina contra o sarampo exatamente no dia recomendado, mas atrasa ou antecipa as injeções. CONCLUSÃO: Esta claro que não há aderência ao calendário governamental recomendado de vacinação contra o sarampo (i.e. primeira dose aos 9 e segunda dose aos 15 meses de idade, como recomendado em 1999 e 2000). Sentir pena de ver a criança recebendo uma injeção pode atrasar a tomada da vacina.